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june 2009 ? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller fan100 primary-side-control pwm controller features ? constant-voltage (cv) and constant-current (cc) control without secondary-feedback circuitry ? accurate constant current achieved by fairchild?s proprietary truecurrent ? technique ? green mode: frequency reduction at light load ? fixed pwm frequency at 42khz with frequency hopping to reduce emi ? low startup current: 10 a maximum ? low operating current: 3.5ma ? peak-current-mode control in cv mode ? cycle-by-cycle current limiting ? over-temperature protection with auto-restart ? brownout protection with auto-restart ? v dd over-voltage protection with auto-restart ? v dd under-voltage lockout (uvlo) ? gate output maximum voltage clamped at 18v ? sop-8 package applications ? battery chargers for cellular phones, cordless phones, pda, digital cameras, power tools ? replaces linear transformer and rcc smps ? offline high brightness (hb) led drivers related resources ? an-6067 ? design guide for fan100/102 and fsez1016a/1216 description the primary-side pwm controller fan100 significantly simplifies power supply design that requires cv and cc regulation capabilities. the fan100 controls the output voltage and current precisely with the information in the primary side of the power supply, not only removing the output current sensing loss, but eliminating secondary feedback circuitry. the green-mode function with a low startup current (10a) maximizes the light-load efficiency so the power supply can meet stringent standby power regulations. compared with a conventional secondary-side regulation approach, the fan100 can reduce total cost, component count, size, and weight; while simultaneously increasing efficiency, productivity, and system reliability. fan100 controller is available in an 8-pin sop package. a typical output cv/cc characteristic envelope is shown in figure 1. figure 1. typical output v-i characteristic ordering information part number operating temperature range eco status package packing method fan100my -40c to +125c green 8-lead, small outline package (sop-8) tape & reel for fairchild?s definition of eco status, please visit: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/company/green/rohs_green.html .
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 2 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller application diagram figure 2. typical application internal block diagram 7 + - 16v/5v internal bias vdd + - 2 1 5 gnd vs cs osc with freq hopping 28v brownout s r q q green-mode controller + - 3 comi + - + - 1.3v leading-edge blanking t dis detector i o estimator v o estimator + - + - 2.5v ea_i ea_v 4 comv soft-driver 8 gate v dd slope compensation pwm comparator pwm comparator pwm comparator 6 brownout protection gnd temp. compensation 2.5v auto-restart protection otp ovp figure 3. functional block diagram
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 3 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller marking information zxytt fan100 tpm figure 4. top mark pin configuration figure 5. pin configuration pin definitions pin # name description 1 cs current sense . this pin connects a current-sense resistor to sense the mosfet current for peak-current-mode control in cv mode and provides for output-current regulation in cc mode. 2 gnd ground . 3 comi constant current loop compensation . this pin connects a capacitor and a resistor between comi and gnd for compensation current loop gain. 4 comv constant voltage loop compensation . this pin connects a capacitor and a resistor between comv and gnd for compensation voltage loop gain. 5 vs voltage sense . this pin detects the output voltage information and discharge time based on voltage of auxiliary winding. this pin connects two divider resistors and one capacitor. 6 gnd ground . 7 vdd supply . the power supply pin. ic operating current and mosfet driving current are supplied using this pin. this pin is connected to an external v dd capacitor of typically 10f. the threshold voltages for startup and turn-off are 16v and 5v, respectively. the operating current is lower than 5ma. 8 gate pwm signal output . this pin outputs pwm signal and includes the internal totem-pole output driver to drive the external power mosfet. the clamped gate output voltage is 18v. f - fairchild logo z- plant code x- 1-digit year code y- 1-digit week code tt: 2-digit die run code t: package type (m=sop) p: z: pb free, y: green package m: manufacture flow code vs gnd vdd gate comv comi gnd cs
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 4 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller absolute maximum ratings stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. the device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. in addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. the absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. symbol parameter min. max. unit v dd dc supply voltage (1,2) 30 v v vs vs pin input voltage -0.3 7.0 v v cs cs pin input voltage -0.3 7.0 v v comv voltage error amplifier output voltage -0.3 7.0 v v comi voltage error amplifier output voltage -0.3 7.0 v p d power dissipation (t a 50c) 660 mw ja thermal resistance (junction-to-air) 150 c /w jc thermal resistance (junction-to-case) 39 c /w t j operating junction temperature +150 c t stg storage temperature range -55 +150 c t l lead temperature (wave soldering or ir, 10 seconds) +260 c human body model, jedec: jesd22-a114 4.5 esd electrostatic discharge capability charged device model, jedec: jesd22-c101 2.0 kv notes: 1. stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. 2. all voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with respect to gnd pin. recommended operating conditions the recommended operating conditions table defines the conditions for actual device operation. recommended operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal performance to the datasheet specifications. fairchild does not recommend exceeding them or designing to absolute maximum ratings. symbol parameter conditions min. typ. max. unit t a operating ambient temperature -40 +125 c
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 5 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller electrical characteristics v dd =15v and t a =-40c~+125c (t a =t j ), unless otherwise specified. symbol parameter conditions min. typ. max. units v dd section v op continuously operating voltage 25 v v dd-on turn-on threshold voltage 15 16 17 v v dd-off turn-off threshold voltage 4.5 5.0 5.5 v i dd-op operating current v dd =20v, f s =f osc , v vs =2v, v cs =3v, c l =1nf 3.5 5.0 ma i dd-st startup current 0< v dd < v dd-on -0.16v 3.7 10.0 a i dd-green green mode operating supply current v dd =20v, v vs =2.7v, f s =f osc-n-min , v cs =0v, c l =1nf, v comv =0v 1.0 2.5 ma v dd-ovp v dd over-voltage protection level v cs =3v, v vs =2.3v 27 28 29 v t d-vddovp v dd over-voltage protection debounce time f s =f osc , v vs =2.3v 100 250 400 s oscillator section center frequency t a =25c 39.0 42.0 45.0 f osc frequency frequency hopping range t a =25c 1.8 2.6 3.6 khz t fhr frequency hopping period t a =25c 3 ms f osc-n-min minimum frequency at no load v vs =2.7v, v comv =0v 550 hz f osc-cm-min minimum frequency at ccm v vs =2.3v, v cs =0.5v 20 khz f dv frequency variation vs. v dd deviation t a =25c, v dd =10v to 25v 5 % f dt frequency variation vs. temperature deviation t a =-40c to 125c 20 % voltage-sense section i vs-uvp sink current for brownout protection r vs =20k ? 180 a i tc ic compensation bias current 9.5 a v bias-comv adaptive bias voltage dominated by v comv v comv =0v, t a =25c, r vs =20k ? 1.4 v current-sense section t pd propagation delay to gate output 100 200 ns t min-n minimum on time at no load v vs =-0.8v, r s =2k ? , v comv =1v 1100 ns t mincc minimum on time in cc mode v vs =0v, v comv =2v 300 ns v th threshold voltage for current limit 1.3 v continued on following page?
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 6 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller electrical characteristics (continued) v dd =15v and t a =-40c~+125c (t a =t j ), unless otherwise specified. symbol parameter conditions min. typ. max. units voltage-error-amplifier section v vr reference voltage 2.475 2.500 2.525 v v n green mode starting voltage on comv pin f s =f osc -2khz v vs =2.3v 2.8 v v g green mode ending voltage on comv pin f s =1khz 0.8 v i v-sink output sink current v vs =3v, v comv =2.5v 90 a i v-source output source current v vs =2v, v comv =2.5v 90 a v v-hgh output high voltage v vs =2.3v 4.5 v current-error-amplifier section v ir reference voltage 2.475 2.500 2.525 v i i-sink output sink current v cs =3v, v comi =2.5v 55 a i i-source output source current v cs =0v, v comi =2.5v 55 a v i-hgh output high voltage v cs =0v 4.5 v gate section dcy max maximum duty cycle 75 % v ol output voltage low v dd =20v, i o =10ma 1.5 v v oh output voltage high v dd =8v, i o =1ma 5 v v oh_min output voltage high v dd =5.5v, i o =1ma 4 v t r rising time v dd =20v, c l =1nf 200 300 ns t f falling time v dd =20v, c l =1nf 80 150 ns v clamp output clamp voltage v dd =25v 15 18 v over-temperature-protection section t otp threshold temperature for otp +140 o c
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 7 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller typical performance characteristics 15 15.4 15.8 16.2 16.6 17 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) v dd-on (v) 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) v dd-off (v) figure 6. turn-on threshold voltage (v dd-on ) vs. temperature figure 7. turn-off threshold voltage (v dd-off ) vs. temperature 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) i dd-op (ma) 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) f osc (khz) figure 8. operating current (i dd-op ) vs. temperature figure 9. center frequency (f osc ) vs. temperature 2.475 2.485 2.495 2.505 2.515 2.525 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) v vr (v) 2.475 2.485 2.495 2.505 2.515 2.525 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) v ir (v) figure 10. reference voltage (v vr ) vs. temperature figure 11. reference voltage (v ir ) vs. temperature
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 8 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller typical performance characteristics 500 520 540 560 580 600 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) f osc-n-min (hz) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) f osc-cm-min (khz) figure 12. minimum frequency at no load (f osc-n-min ) vs. temperature figure 13. minimum frequency at ccm (f osc-cm-min ) vs. temperature 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) s g (khz/v) 850 930 1010 1090 1170 1250 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) t min-n (ns) figure 14. green mode frequency decreasing rate (s g ) vs. temperature figure 15. minimum on time at no load (t min-n ) vs. temperature 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) v n (v) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) v g (v) figure 16. green mode starting voltage on comv pin (v n ) vs. temperature figure 17. green mode ending voltage on comv pin (v g ) vs. temperature
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 9 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller typical performance characteristics 74 77 80 83 86 89 92 95 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) i v-sink (a) 75 79 83 87 91 95 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) i v-source (a) figure 18. output sink current (i v-sink ) vs. temperature figure 19. output source current (i v-source ) vs. temperature 50 52 54 56 58 60 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) i i-sink (a) 50 52 54 56 58 60 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) i i-source (a) figure 20. output sink current (i i-sink ) vs. temperature figure 21. output source current (i i-source ) vs. temperature 60 64 68 72 76 80 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 temperature (oc) dcy max (%) figure 22. maximum duty cycle (dcy max ) vs. temperature
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 10 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller functional description 0 shows the basic circuit diagram of a primary-side regulated flyback converter and its typical waveforms are shown in 0. generally, discontinuous conduction mode (dcm) operation is preferred for primary-side regulation since it allows better output regulation. the operation principles of dcm flyback converter are as follows: during the mosfet on time (t on ), input voltage (v dl ) is applied across the primary side inductor (l m ). then, mosfet current (i ds ) increases linearly from zero to the peak value (i pk ). during this time, the energy is drawn from the input and stored in the inductor. when the mosfet is turned off, the energy stored in the inductor forces the rectifier diode (d) to be turned on. while the diode is conducting, the output voltage (v o ), together with diode forward-voltage drop (v f ), is applied across the secondary-side inductor ( l m n s 2 / n p 2 ) and the diode current (i d ) decreases linearly from the peak value (i pk n p /n s ) to zero. at the end of inductor current discharge time (t dis ), all the energy stored in the inductor has been delivered to the output. when the diode current reaches zero, the transformer auxiliary winding voltage (v w ) begins to oscillate by the resonance between the primary-side inductor (l m ) and the effective capacitor loaded across the mosfet. during the inductor current discharge time, the sum of output voltage and diode forward-voltage drop is reflected to the auxiliary winding side as (v o +v f ) n a /n s . since the diode forward-voltage drop decreases as current decreases, the auxiliary winding voltage reflects the output voltage best at the end of diode conduction time where the diode current diminishes to zero. thus, by sampling the winding voltage at the end of the diode conduction time, the output voltage information can be obtained. the internal error amplifier for output voltage regulation (ea_v) compares the sampled voltage with internal precise reference to generate error voltage (v comv ), which determines the duty cycle of the mosfet in cv mode. meanwhile, the output current can be estimated using the peak drain current and inductor current discharge time since output current is the same as average of the diode current in steady state. the output current estimator detects the peak value of the drain current with a peak detection circuit and calculates the output current using the inductor discharge time (t dis ) and switching period (t s ). this output information is compared with the internal precise reference to generate error voltage (v comi ), which determines the duty cycle of the mosfet in cc mode. with fairchild?s innovative technique, truecurrent?, constant current (cc) output can be precisely controlled. of the two error voltages, v comv and v comi , the smaller determines the duty cycle. during constant voltage regulation mode, v comv determines the duty cycle while v comi is saturated to high. during constant current regulation mode, v comi determines the duty cycle while v comv is saturated to high. figure 23. simplified psr flyback converter circuit p pk s n i n ? . davg o i i = ? ? figure 24. key waveforms of dcm flyback converter
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 11 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller temperature compensation built-in temperature compensation provides constant voltage regulation over a wide range of temperature variation. this internal compensation current compensates the forward-voltage drop variation of the secondary side rectifier diode. green-mode operation the fan100 uses voltage regulation error amplifier output (v comv ) as an indicator of the output load and modulates the pwm frequency as shown in figure 25 such that the switching frequency decreases as load decreases. in heavy-load conditions, the switching frequency is fixed at 42khz. once v comv decreases below 2.8v, the pwm frequency starts to linearly decrease from 42khz to 550hz to reduce the switching losses. as v comv decreases below 0.8v, the switching frequency is fixed at 550hz and fan100 enters into ?deep green? mode, where the operating current reduces to 1ma, reducing the standby power consumption. figure 25. switching frequency in green mode leading-edge blanking (leb) at the instant the mosfet is turned on, a high-current spike occurs through the mosfet, caused by primary- side capacitance and secondary-side rectifier reverse recovery. excessive voltage across the r cs resistor can lead to premature turn-off of the mosfet. fan100 employs an internal leading edge blanking (leb) circuit to inhibit the pwm comparator for a short time after the mosfet turns on. external rc filtering is not required. frequency hopping emi reduction is accomplished by frequency hopping, which spreads the energy over a wider frequency range than the bandwidth measured by the emi test equipment. fan100 has an internal frequency-hopping circuit that changes the switching frequency between 39.4khz and 44.6khz with a period of 3ms, as shown in figure 26. figure 26. frequency hopping startup figure 27 shows the typical startup circuit and transformer auxiliary winding for fan100 application. before fan100 begins switching, it consumes only startup current (maximum 10 a) and the current supplied through the startup resistor charges the v dd capacitor (c dd ). when v dd reaches turn-on voltage of 16v (v dd-on ), fan100 begins switching, and the current consumed increases to 3.5ma. then, the power required for fan100 is supplied from the transformer auxiliary winding. the large hysteresis of v dd provides more hold-up time, which allows using small capacitor for v dd . figure 27. startup circuit
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 12 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller protections the fan100 has several self-protective functions, such as over-voltage protection (ovp), over-temperature protection (otp), and brownout protection. all the protections are implemented as auto-restart mode. when auto-restart protection is triggered, switching is terminated and the mosfet remains off. this causes v dd to fall. when v dd reaches the v dd turn-off voltage of 5v, the current consumed by fan100 reduces to the startup current (maximum 10a) and the current supplied startup resistor charges the v dd capacitor. when v dd reaches the turn-on voltage of 16v, fan100 resumes normal operation. in this manner, the auto- restart alternately enables and disables the switching of the mosfet until the fault condition is eliminated ( see figure 28 ). fault situation 5v 16v v dd v ds fault occurs fault removed normal operation normal operation power on operating current 3.5ma 10a figure 28. auto-restart operation v dd over-voltage protection (ovp) v dd over-voltage protection prevents damage from over- voltage conditions. if the v dd voltage exceeds 28v by open-feedback condition, ovp is triggered. the ovp has a debounce time (typical 250s) to prevent false triggering by switching noise. it also protects other switching devices from over voltage. over-temperature protection (otp) the built-in temperature-sensing circuit shuts down pwm output if the junction temperature exceeds 140c. brownout protection fan100 detects the line voltage using auxiliary winding voltage since the auxiliary winding voltage reflects the input voltage when the mosfet is turned on. vs pin is clamped at 1.15v while the mosfet is turned on and brownout protection is triggered if the current out of vs pin is less than i vs-uvp (typical 180 a) during the mosfet conduction. pulse-by-pulse current limit when the sensing voltage across the current sense resistor exceeds the internal threshold of 1.3v, the mosfet is turned off for the remainder of the switching cycle. in normal operation, the pulse-by-pulse current limit is not triggered since the peak current is limited by the control loop.
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 13 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller typical application circuit (primary-side regulated offline led driver) application fairchild devices input voltage range output offline led driver fan100 90~265v ac 24v/0.35a (8.4w) features ? high efficiency (>77% at full load) ? tight output regulation (cc: 5%) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 output current (ma) output voltage (v) ac90v ac120v ac230v ac264v figure 29. measured efficiency and output regulation figure 30. typical application circuit schematic
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 14 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller typical application circuit (continued) transformer specification ? core: efd-20 ? bobbin: efd-20 pin specification remark primary-side inductance 3 4 1.08mh 5% 100khz, 1v primary-side effective leakage 3 4 35 h 5%. short one of the secondary windings
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 15 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller physical dimensions 8 0 see detail a notes: unless otherwise specified a) this package conforms to jedec ms-012, variation aa, issue c, b) all dimensions are in millimeters. c) dimensions do not include mold flash or burrs. d) landpattern standard: soic127p600x175-8m. e) drawing filename: m08arev13 land pattern recommendation seating plane 0.10 c c gage plane x 45 detail a scale: 2:1 pin one indicator 4 8 1 c m ba 0.25 b 5 a 5.60 0.65 1.75 1.27 6.20 5.80 3.81 4.00 3.80 5.00 4.80 (0.33) 1.27 0.51 0.33 0.25 0.10 1.75 max 0.25 0.19 0.36 0.50 0.25 r0.10 r0.10 0.90 0.406 (1.04) option a - bevel edge option b - no bevel edge figure 31. 8-lead, small outline package (sop-8) package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering fairchild components. drawings may change in any manner without notice. please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a fairchild semiconductor representative to ver ify or obtain the most recent revision. package specifications do not expand the terms of fairchild?s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the warranty therein, which covers fairchild products. always visit fairchild semiconductor?s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/ .
? 2009 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan100 rev. 1.0.2 16 fan100 ? primary-side-control pwm controller

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